School Is Cool free essay sample

As a rule, when we discuss schools, the principal thing that goes to our psyches is heaps of schoolwork, exhausting talks and the weight of tests. The very idea of going to class makes us yawn. It appears that life would have been so generally excellent if there were no schools. We would be allowed to invest our energy as we wish without our moms yelling You are as yet watching T. V.? Go to your room and study’. Until a couple of months back, I was additionally among the gathering of individuals who think so. Yet, since I have ventured into my last year of school I. e. class 10, my post towards school appears to have changed totally. On the off chance that we sneak into the flashback, the greater part of us have spent or generally upbeat and charming minutes at school. Spending time with companions, pulling each other’s legs, chuckling and making fun. What other place, however at school would we be able? This is my thirteenth and a year ago in my school. We will compose a custom article test on School Is Cool or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Down every one of these years, I have built up a sentiment of connection towards my school, the instructors, the staff, the school constructing, the study hall, and above all my kindred understudies. It will be very disheartening to abandon all these. Be that as it may, we have no other choice and need to proceed onward. Perhaps, understudies of the more youthful classes who read this will imagine that I am idiotic. Yet, I am certain that when they result in these present circumstances stage, they as well, will encounter something very similar. Truly, there is no spot like school. School is truly cool.

Fast Breeder Reactors Essay -- Nuclear Power Energy

Quick Breeder Reactors Conceptual In this report I will explore how unique raiser reactors work, the numerous issues tended to by the Fast Breeder Reactor, including effectiveness and cost, the impediments of Fast Breeder Reactors, and working models that have been developed all through the world. Presentation There is another kind of present day atomic vitality, an intriguing thought that will develop on you, in a manner of speaking. If one somehow happened to think about a â€Å"alternative† atomic vitality source, a stone bed parting reactor or in particular combination reactors ring a bell. The Liquid Metal Fast Breeder reactor (FBR) is the other â€Å"alternative† reactor. FBRs first went basic (got operational) in 1951 with the American exploratory EBR-1 in Idaho. FBRs, on a basic level, produce more fissile material than they produce. In spite of the fact that they despite everything need a mix of stable ripe material with fissile fuel, the way that they convert this blend to a bound together fissile material while creating power simultaneously is the essential explanation these reactors are engaging. The innovation utilized for FBRs has been reliably inquired about in the US, USSR, France, UK, Germany, Japan, China, and India at various focuses in time starting in 194 9 with introductory structure work performed on the EBR-I in the US (Encarta-2005). Asian nations presently lead the world in the exertion being put resources into this sort of reactor. We could see countless FBRs being worked inside the following 25 to 50 years, as the interest for non-renewable energy sources increments with contamination and the steady and wasteful utilization of petroleum derivative supplies by all countries. Are FBRs a practical vitality hotspot for California or the US? I will talk about the nuclear procedure that FBRs use to work, the issues the... ...Establishment. Recovered July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monju Atomic Power Reactors. (2005). Atomic Energy. In Encarta Reference Library 2005 [CD-ROM].Microsoft Corporation. Atomic reactor. (2006). In Wikipedia [Web]. Wikimedia Foundation. Recovered July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor Quick Breeder Reactors: Do They Have the Juice? Reproducer Reactors 11 Atomic Waste and Breeder Reactors - Myth and Promise. Recovered July 28, 2006, from agree.net Web webpage: http://www.agree.net/DefenseWatch/Nuclear%20Waste%20and%20Breeder%reactors.htm Shi, R. R. Fluid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor. Recovered July 20, 2006, Web webpage: http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/thyd/ne161/shir/project5.html Superphenix. (2006). Superphenix. In Wikipedia [Web]. Wikimedia Foundation. Recovered July 28, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix

Boston Energy Club Debut Event Hult Blog

The Hult Boston Energy Club recently hosted its debut peer-to-peer event. MBA Candidate and Energy Club President, Alejandro Liano, gave a presentation outlining different sources of energy production in the cleantech space. He presented material and data to show the viable market space and growth trend of related industries in this field. Alex also discussed what global climate change was, causes, and long term effects as well as how the topic translates into current actions by business leaders today. The event continued with a panel discussions featuring students from Hult, Babson and Northeastern. The group dialog was organized around sustainability topics including Greentech, fossil fuels, the evolution of the definition of sustainability and company strategic focus. Audience participation was a key component and other topics addressed were electric vehicles, tidal energy electric generation, liquid petroleum, tar sands oils, toxicity and scarcity in photovoltaic production, and the validity of ‘clean’ technologies in a high cost variability environment. The main take-aways from the discussion where: ââ€"  Marginal cost of renewable energy production is hands down a market driving incentive to invest in these technologies ââ€"  Fossil fuel technologies are not going away soon and necessary to sustain the grid for the near and mid term future ââ€"  There is enormous potential for business professionals in the energy industry The value of learning from fellow classmates, understand and respective differing points of view, and gaining insights into future potential career options made the event as a whole very successful.   The Energy Club would like to thank all who participated and they hope to evolve the next event into an even more successful and challenging peer-to-peer forum. This post was contributed by MBA candidate and Energy Club Vice President, Nicholus McKee.    Photo courtesy of Nicholus McKee. Kickstart your career in this education and innovation hotspot by studying at Hults Boston business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog Student living: Boston on a budget. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Related posts News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI News Is mail a dying form for businesses and marketing? Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

NDSU Admissions ACT Scores, Acceptance Rate More

American Free Trade Agreement ( Nafta ) And Mercosur Essay

Each Member State faces difficulties with exportations to other countries in North America, Latin America and Europe (Development Paths in the Caribbean). The disadvantage is that these other countries have already established their own trading blocs such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Mercosur. There is a need for Caribbean countries to become part of the ‘bigger picture’ and discontinue assuming that their traditional schemes and old markets will continue to sustain them. Integration promises new and innovative solutions to open new markets and expand exportations. In a country small like Belize, exportations are decreasing dramatically and importations will continue to increase. The Bank of Guyana has also reported that the country’s exportations are higher than importations (Guyana Exports) People do not only live off economics alone, people also part of society; and the Caribbean society all share similar history, culture and traditions. Integration helps to create a sense of Common Identity (Premdas). Common Identity occurs when an individual feels a sense of belonging to a collective group. When referring to identity, emphasis should be placed on the way that a group reacts in similar situations. When individuals feel belonging to a collective group, cultural, gang, religious or educational, the individual reacts similarly to the group’s reactions when in similar circumstances. Similarly, when belonging to a regional integrated group,Show MoreRelatedFree Trade Blocs, A Major Step Towards Economic Integration1076 Words   |  5 PagesFree Trade Blocs Free trade blocs are intergovernmental agreements that limit regional barriers to trade by integrating different economies. The four types of trade blocs are Preferential Trade Area, Free Trade Area, Customs Union, and Common Market. The specific trade blocs included in this analysis are Mercosur, North American Free Trade Agreement, European Union. Preferential Trade Area (PTA) is when countries in the same geographical region agree to eliminate or reduce tariff barriers on certainRead MoreRegional Development and Regional Blocks1884 Words   |  8 Pages10 Member States NAFTA The North American market increased, create a free trade, elimination of tariff barriers North American free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)was formed on 1 January 1994 Richest market in the world – Canada, United States, Mexico MERCOSUR Countries common values of economic development, the fight against poverty, sustainable development and so on An economic and political agreement (Southern Common Market) was formed on 26 March 1991 5 South American countries Goals comparison Read MoreMartin Textile6243 Words   |  25 Pagesday Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three countries were to be removed within 10 years. Under the proposed agreement, Mexico and Canada would also be allowed to ship a specificRead MoreMartin Textile6254 Words   |  26 Pagesday Canada, Mexico, and the United States announced an agreement in principle to form the North American Free Trade Agreement. Under the plan, all tariffs between the three countries would be eliminated within the next 10 to 15 years, with most being cut in 5 years. What disturbed John most was the plans provision that all tariffs on trade of textiles among the three coun tries were to be removed within 10 years. Under the proposed agreement, Mexico and Canada would also be allowed to ship a specificRead MoreMercosur: Regional Integration Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesRegional Paper - MERCOSUR Regional integration is the process by which countries agree to reduce or eventually remove tariff and non-tariff barriers to promote the free flow of goods and services amongst countries. Global business is accomplished when organizations conduct business internationally and are not committed or bounded to a single home country. Regional integration combined with global business supports organizations conducting business globally amongst a variety of countries byRead MoreMultinational Enterprises And The Trade Blocs Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most important influence on the strategies of multinational enterprises or corporations are the trade blocs. Trade blocs determines the scope of regional markets and the regulations by which firms must operate. This is where the term Economic integration, which represents an agreement between nations within and geographic region (International Business), arises. Economic integration comes with three approaches: global integr ation -countries around the world cooperate through the WTO -Read MoreWhy Is There No Free Trade Agreement Between North And South America?2417 Words   |  10 PagesWhy is there No Free Trade Agreement between North and South America? Intro: One of the economical trends in the past years is to have open markets and to trade among different states. This can be seen more then ever in the Americas where the majority of states are involved in regional trade blocs and also bilateral trade agreements. Since the 1990’s the Free Trade Area of the America’s (FTAA) as been in negotiation, which involves two main groups Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), which is an economicRead MoreCH 3 HW840 Words   |  4 Pagesactivities that directly impact business. Comment on the UN’s influence on a single trade transaction. UN has a functional area called UN/CEFACT which impacts on Trade and Data exchange between the nations. UN/CEFACT serves as the focal point for trade facilitation recommendations and electronic business standards, covering both commercial and government business processes that canfoster growth in international trade and related service. 3. Sovereign wealth funds and high reserves are held by manyRead MoreTrade Agreements : A Bilateral Trade Agreement2214 Words   |  9 PagesA bilateral trade agreement is a trade pact signed between two countries, providing special or favored trading status among them. Countries with bilateral gets expanded access to the markets of the agreed partner which helps increase trade and economic growth. Most bilateral trade agreements cover certain standardized aspects of trade such as the protection of each country’s innovative products, prevent the dumping products at a cheap cost, or using unfair subsidies to protect certain industriesRead MoreRelationship Between International Trade And Marketing914 Words   |  4 Pagesoverview of the relationship between international trade and marketing. It will first present a historical background about import and exports, the trade agreements and their impact. Perhaps before, marketing wasn’t considered an important branch of tra de but how important is marketing for the new companies that want to go global and enter on international trade? The paper will study the different elements of marketing that comes to life in the trade process and how important it really is for the multiple

Promotional Campaign for Samsung Gear

Question: Discuss about thePromotional Campaign for Samsung Gear. Answer: Introduction Samsung Gear is the first network connected watch which enables the user to make and receive calls, checks SMS, emails and updates when the phone is far away from the user. The user can do the other things anywhere without missing an important call or update. The Samsung Gear is the next big thing to stay connected. It is a smart watch released as an Android-based device. Now it has replaced the operating system with Tizen from May 2014 (www.samsung.com/au, 2016). Today, marketers have various choices about how and where to advertise their goods and services. Apart from traditional approach like direct marketing, print advertising, marketers have mobile marketing, email marketing; web based marketing, social media like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, etc. Many companies have learned the tough way like traditional print advertising which does not work at all on social media sites and vice versa. To create a successful integrated marketing campaign, marketers cannot depend on one formula. Various steps have to be adopted by the companies and marketers to increase viewership (eriĆ¡, Gil-Saura Ruiz-Molina, (2014). Integrated Marketing Communication is the theory where a business combines and organizes their link channel to provide clear and consistent information about their company. Integrated Marketing Communication is a combination of various advertising tools to bring clarity, consistency, and maximum communication effect (Morrison, 2016). Literature Review The concept of communication integration was introduced in 1930. During this period, sales representative used started working with the advertising team. In 1966, various scholars recommended a combination of the promotional device to maintain teamwork. Various mergers took place in the late 1970s and 1980 in the advertising industry to enable one-stop service to the customers. In 1990, Integrated Marketing Communication became the theoretical marketing issue. According to few scholars, Integrated Marketing Communication deals with the combination among the realm of marketing' and Integrated Communication goes above advertising to add contact fields such as corporate design, public relations, and office communications. Integrated Marketing Communication is an integrated use of advertising methods to get clarity, consistency, and high communication impact. Integrated Marketing Communication has come up as an action to gain competing edge. To develop as a promising brand, the company should deliver prepared messages to its clients and prospects send through the current marketing communication mix like public relations, advertising, personal selling, sponsorship and sales promotion. Various communication activities are unplanned and determine attitude and behavior of a customer. The activities are word-of-mouth or interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication and intermediary communication. Any good or bad news being spread by group media or employees or any other can influence customers perception of a company (Blakeman, 2014). To maintain consistency in message, the company should control product messages like durability, pricing, features, distribution network, performance, conformance, reliability, quality, and style. The product is the initial element of the marketing mix and creates a basis of contact decision. To maximize the impact of communication, the company should check customer expectation's consistency with its service messages. Service messages are originated from contact with the company's employee. The employees should be competent enough to meet the expectations of the consumer. The service quality is decided by the quality of staff members (Luxton, Reid Mavondo, 2015). Market Segmentation During IMC Campaign Demographic Age- People belonging to all age groups use a mobile phone these days. All the young generation, middle-aged people, senior citizens are targeted for Integrated Marketing Communication campaign. Occupation- People from every occupation like Students, employees, businessman, homemakers, celebrities, etc., are targeted for this product. Income- Lower Middle, Middle Class, Upper Middle class and Upper-class people are targeted for Samsung Gears. Gender- Both Male and female are targeted to wear this gear. Psychographic Lifestyle- Aspirers, strugglers, succeeders, explorer are all focused upon to use the equipment. User Related All Samsung User are mostly targeted for buying Samsung Gear. Age Above 15 years Gender Male and Female Education Secondary school students and above Occupation Students, Businessman, Employee, Homemaker, Income Class Lower Middle, Middle Class, Upper Middle class and Upper class people are targeted for Samsung Gears Lifestyle Aspirers, strugglers, succeeders, explorer Product User Samsung Integrated Marketing Communication does not only boost sales and profit but increases brand loyalty, brand equity, saves cost and raise the competition bar. 72 percent people favor integrated marketing approach. A successful campaign delivers messages best suited for their clients. There are various benefits of integrated marketing campaign. A long-term planning leads to a long term success. Running a marketing campaign is a long term commitment which will bring rewards. 86 percent marketing professionals agree that multiple channels under one integrated marketing strategy are essential to achieving long-term success (Young, 2014). A long-term nature of the campaign helps in creating brand equity and identity to make trust. When it is about marketing and advertising, customers become skeptical. By maintaining a consistent relationship with the client, a trust starts building. Well trusted brands achieve significant and loyal clients and are engaged in various activities. Marketing professionals consider clarity in messages a crucial element for customer engagement. If marketing emails are not sent correctly, it becomes difficult for the customers to understand the message. Customers will have a much clearer view if the campaign spreads a clear and unified message and the customers will react according to the brand. This element defines who the organization is and what do they do. Integrating the campaign will be more efficient. Using a variety of channels to communicate consistently will make the message more powerful. The increase in efficiency and cost-cutting will lead to increase in the revenue. Once the co mpany decides a central message to be initiated among various channels, the campaign will be less complicated to handle. The messages should be utilized and cut down planning, meetings, and resources. Photography, content, and graphics are costly for any organization (Naeem, Bilal Naz, 2013). Marketing Communication Objectives Brand Awareness The brand awareness among the target market can be created through Direct Marketing, Public Relations, from September onwards about Samsungs efforts of producing its smartwatch. When a company enters the competition, there are two methods to encourage growth: Intensive advertising campaign and product offerings. Samsung introduced smartwatch gear in its leading technology display all over the world. The capacity of brand building workout was not hiden. Samsung is inclined towards marketing and brand enhancing strategy by creating attention of its name and putting an enormous amount of cash in the million dollar campaign. Customer Attitude Samsung signed various celebrities, sportsmen, so as to influence the position of the client to buy the smartwatch gear. For instance, if a star is busy with a movie or an ad shoot, they can instantly reply to the messages on their smartwatch since they cannot carry phones everywhere. This type of advertisement campaign helped Samsung to change their buying behavior of Samsung smartwatch gear (Mihart, 2012). Innovation Samsung has supported many sports game including Olympics showcasing their products everyday during the Olympics. There are companies which portray their product without maintaining their quality and lowering the price. However, Samsung is an exception. It not only focuses on advertisement campaigns but also keep on producing innovative products like Samsung smartwatch gear. It has positioned itself by becoming a leader in the market through innovation (Percy, 2014). IMC Budgeting and Use of Tools The objective of the Samsung is to target maximum audience of the media resources towards new and existing Samsung customer. Nowadays, smartphones are used by each and every age group. Samsung focuses on "Making a Better World" by utilizing a 30 second TV commercial and communicating their creative strategy. Budget allocated for the Integrated Marketing Communication campaign is $80,000 every year (Irdindia.in, 2106). Budget Allocation Media Tactics $ 30,000 Television Commercial $ 10,000 Billboards $ 6000 YouTube $ 4000 Twitter $ 10,000 Prizes $ 7000 Facebook Ads $ 7000 Newspaper Ads $6000 Radio Commercial Television Commercials Four 30 second television commercials will be aired highlighting qualities and specifications of the Samsung Smartwatch Gear. Target A will be two Music Channels, Target B- three Movie Channels, and Target C- 3 News channel. Billboard Billboards in highly congested areas within 25 miles of the store with Samsung logo, slogan and information will lead people to the store. YouTube Channel YouTube will showcase InStream ads and link to contest videos already posted on the Samsung YouTube channel. Twitter Create a hashtag such as #Samsunggear as a way to follow the conversation about the Samsung smartwatch should be imprinted on all media relating to the video contest and encourage participation to filmmaking enthusiasts and Samsung fans on Twitter. Prizes Eight gift vouchers will be provided worth $500 for the participants whose video were used and $6000 for the winner of the video for a trip to Queensland, Australia (Chitty et al., 2012). Facebook Banner Ads Facebook Banner Ads will be posted on the profile of the users who have liked the Samsung Page on Facebook (Castronovo Huang, 2012). Newspaper Ads Samsung gear advertisement will be printed in 3 different newspapers once a week covering the entire front page of the newspaper. Radio Commercial Radio commercial will be same as TV advertisement including only audio of 30 seconds (Parente Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). Three Styles of Creative Advertising Strategies Internet Marketing Samsung website can provide its website user to book promotional offers; regardless of what whether the customer received the offer via email or direct mail they should call a representative to book such offer. Members can also book their offers online. Members can use points to avail discount on the products. Social media provide more freedom to leverage Integrated Marketing Communication strategy to create awareness and increase preference for the goods and services. Tools like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube can be used to connect with the audience and other web based methods to broaden the reach and minimize the cost of contacting with the people (Shimp Andrews, 2012). Promotions By having a grand prize drawing by organizing a promotional show, Samsung can bring in profitable customer segments. Tie-ins with companies like Pepsico, BMW, etc., can bring high end customers. These promotions help the brand in exposure or else people will not be familiar with the new innovative product. Other oriental programs like cash back vouchers. During the promotional event, the customers can give their personal information to stay updated about the latest technology being introduced in the market. This data will help in tracking, targeting and promote the brand in the long term. These data can be used in future database marketing, enhance choosing of market segments and stipulate repeat purchase and enhance client relationship management (Belch Belch, 2016). Public Relations Another form of communication is Public Relations which is less controllable than other types of idea. Samsung can use public relations and publicity to highlight the features of Samsung gear. An active form of Public relation is press release on the innovation and allowing the press to access to this new product. This will increase more awareness of such change on magazines related to gadgets (Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu, 2016). Media Plan and Vehicle to Achieve Communication Objectives To decide which communication vehicle to be used, marketers need to understand not only various types of vehicle but also their pros cons and their features of all communication vehicles. All the vehicles are interactive by one-way or two-way communication vehicle. One way communication medium gives information and creates awareness about the service, features, and benefit of the product. One way communication channel are television, radio, newspaper, and magazine. Two-way communications are the final step of the purchase process because of its interactive nature. This leads to transaction letting the customer make the buying decision (Yeshin, 2012). Two-way communications provide benefits which are unavailable with one-way communication. The sender analyzes receiver's understanding and asks if the receiver understands what he is saying. Also, sender spends hours to explain the entire query of receiver. Two ways communication can be direct mail, personal selling, the web, email. An interactive interface is backed by three factors; multi-way which includes two or more protagonists, spontaneous whose response pop-ups quickly and incidental whose reply of one actor follows directly logically from the action of another. Interactive marketing is the communication between the consumer and front-line manager. Earlier interactive communication means personal selling, but after the inception of internet, communication has begun among consumer and staff through computer, instead of face-to-face communication. One communication mix tool that can be used for a successful IMC campaign of Samsung Smartwatch gear is advertising (Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu, 2016). Medium Pros and Cons Television Ads through television reach broad segmentation of national audience. It is an expensive tool where competition is tight with the other advertisers. Newspaper This media reaches out to the local audience and is cheaper. But the life of a newspaper is one day. Web A website is customizable and can be updated anytime. But the required target market should know how to find the website and must have internet access. Conclusion Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy increase the capability of the branding approach to use right message using a right medium to achieve organizational goals. IMC gives the power to deliver corporate branding delivering symbolic bottom line results. Business to business companies like Starbucks, Coca-Cola, Red Bull, etc., are the companies doing Integrated Marketing Communication right. The success of these companies gives evidence that Integrated Marketing Communication is a critical differentiator for success. Integrated Marketing Communication provides a significant and distinctive advantage for an organization in the form of financial report, and ability to compete at higher stages with the power Integrated Marketing Communication provides the company (Thorson Moore, 2013). References (2016). Digitalscholarship.unlv.edu.Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1619context=thesesdissertations Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A. (2016). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Elements of Integrated Marketing Communications:A Review of Research.ISBN: 10 12-3869 Vol No 4 No 1 June 2016. Blakeman, R. (2014).Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012).Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117. Chitty, W., Barker, N., Valos, M., Shimp, T. (2012).Integrated Marketing Communication, 3rd Asia Pacific ed.Cengage Learning Australia, Victoria. IRD India : Institute for Research and Development, India. (2016). Irdindia.in. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.irdindia.in Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015).Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), 37-46. Mihart, C. (2012). Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: Effects on consumer decision-making process.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(2), 121. Morrison, T. (2016).Integrated Marketing Communications. Naeem, B., Bilal, M., Naz, U. (2013). Integrated marketing communication: a review paper.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,5(5), 124-133. Parente, D., Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K. (2014).Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Percy, L. (2014).Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. eriĆ¡, M., Gil-Saura, I., Ruiz-Molina, M. E. (2014). How can integrated marketing communications and advanced technology influence the creation of customer-based brand equity? Evidence from the hospitality industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,39, 144-156. Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012).Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Thorson, E., Moore, J. (2013).Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Wearables | Gear Smartwatch | Samsung Australia.(2016). Samsung AU. Retrieved 29 September 2016, from https://www.samsung.com/au/consumer/mobile-phone/wearables/ Yeshin, T. (2012).Integrated marketing communications.Routledge. Young, A. (2014).Brand media strategy: Integrated communications planning in the digital era. Springer.

Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay Essay Example

Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay Essay Public private partnership is a concerted venture between the public and private sector in which the populace and genitalias sector carry out a peculiar undertaking on the footing of agreed undertaking and hazards, each party retaining its undertakings and duty. The involvement in PPPs is turning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours because it is an efficient manner of presenting the populace services to the multitudes. The fundamental principal behind public private partnership is that, Although Public sector entities may necessitate to be responsible for the bringing of public services, but it is non necessary that it must be really responsible for supplying or set abouting the investing themselves. In this manner all histrions in public private partnership can concentrate on making what they are likely to make in the best possible manner by using their resources and accomplishments. In order to under take any public private partnership for a peculiar venture we have different ma nners or theoretical account for PPPs, Which are described briefly as under. A brief overview of Prominent Models of PPPs Operation and direction contracts We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros And Cons Of Ppps Models Social Policy Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In these understandings the duty for plus operation and direction is passed on to the private sector entities. The continuance for these contracts is by and large short runing from 3 to 5 old ages, but can usually be extended. The private party is remunerated on a fixed fee footing or on an Incentive footing with premiums linked to specific public presentation marks. Under this understanding the populace party still bears the fiscal and investing hazard associated with the undertakings. This type of contract is an efficient manner to set about a undertaking because the private sector has adequate accomplishments and have strong involvement in bettering the service quality. This theoretical account of PPPs contract is suited for dealing stages which eventually lead to denationalization. Potential strengths of direction The profound advantage of direction contract is that many operational benefits that result from private sector can be availed without reassigning the assets to the private party. Management contract are less thorny to develop as compared to others and are considered less controversial. Thesiss contracts are besides less expensive as compared to others because fewer but efficient staff can be used to carryout the undertaking. They can besides be seen as interim agreements, leting for modest betterments while more comprehensive contracts and constructions are developed. Similarly, a direction contract can be structured to phase-in progressively extended engagement of the private sector over clip and as advancement is demonstrated. Potential failings Despite of the aforementioned advantages of direction contract it besides embodies some drawbacks one of the cardinal disadvantage of this contract is that in this contract the private sector entity who is pull offing a peculiar undertaking does non bask the liberty. This is of import to accomplish deep and permanent alteration besides the division between the duty for service and direction, on one manus, and funding and enlargement planning, on the other, is a slippery one. Service contracts It is a limited type of PPPs theoretical account in this understanding the Private party procure, run an assets for a short span of clip largely for 2 to 5 old ages. In this contract the populace sector is responsible for investing and direction of the undertaking which bears the fiscal and residuary value hazards. While the public sector entity provide the services. It is suited for simple and operational requirments.it is frequently used for toll aggregations. Potential strengths of Service Contract This contract is best suited when the services are clearly defined in the understanding, the demand is moderately certain and the public presentation of the undertaking can easy be monitored. One of the the mammoth advantage of service contract is that it provides us comparatively low-risk option for the enlargement of private sector which in return brings efficiency in the system operation. It is a less expensive manner to bringing the populace services and due to low barrier to competition it encourage competition which in return enhance the public service bringing and it is besides a good beginning of engineering transportation and for the development of managerial capacity. The other outstanding advantages include Decrease in operation cost Access to cheaper labour Cut up in labour preparation cost Access to progress engineering at lower limit cost Enhance service bringing Potential failings Service contracts are used for simple and short term undertaking in this the private sector merely supply their services non the capital investing. But this contract is non suited for such state of affairs in which the aim is to pool up capital.An other of import drawback of this contract is that of loss of managerial control because it is much hard to pull off the outside service supplier as compared to have employees. Besides other draw dorsums include the loss of flexibleness in responding to altering the concern status, lake of internal and external focal point, loss of competitory border, job in contract reclamation and contractual misinterpretation. In this it is hard to cipher the concealed cost associated with the contract like legal cost and the clip require to set the contract into action. Renting understandings It is a fiscal agreement in which the proprietor of a installation sells it to another entity, and later leases it back from the new proprietor. In this contract both public and private sectors entities may come in into sale/leaseback agreements for a assortment of grounds. An advanced application of the sale/leaseback technique is the sale of a public installation to a public or private retention company for the intents of restricting governmental liability under certain statues. Under this agreement, the authorities that sold the installation leases it back and continues to run it. Under this understanding the private party better off merely if it manages to cut down operating costs while run intoing the designated service degree. On the other manus the populace sector bears the hazards associated with the web enlargement, capital betterment and funding. Its life ranges from 12 to 16 old ages, this type of understanding is best suited for substructure. Other outstanding renting con tract include Buy-build-operate ( BBO ) Lease-develop-operate ( LDO ) Wrap-around add-on ( WAA ) Potential strengths One of the chief advantage of this contract is that it brings efficiency in the public service bringing.Also in this contract the commercial hazard is borne by the private sector which give a strong public presentation inducement and which coax the private sector to execute good. Under this contract the private sector competitively bid for supplying the services which in return enhance the bringing of public services. Potential failings As we know that in rental understanding the contractor gross is based on the gross watercourse of the clients payments so in such state of affairs the inquiry of duty degrees is of sensitive nature which can take to possible struggle between the public and private parties. Besides under this understanding the duty of capital investing is of public sector and the fiscal hazard is borne by the populace sector so in this contract no capital is mobilized from the private sector entity and besides labour issues are of more sensitive nature as compared to other PPPs contracts. Concession Contract It is a type of renting contract in which the ownership remain with the authorities while the private party non merely supply capital investing but besides responsible for the care of the assets. After the completion of the undertaking the authorities pays the in agreement amount of money to the private party and gets the assets. It is suited for the building and its life is from 15 to 30 old ages. Potential strengths of grant contract One of cardinal advantage of Concessions is that it helps to mobilise capital from private sector for the building or rehabilitation of bing undertakings. As we know that under this understanding the private sector besides contribute capital for the undertaking so it coax the private sector ( concessioner ) to convey efficiency and effectivity in order to increase his return in the undertaking. It besides encourages the private party to convey invention in the bringing of public services. Potential failings One of the major drawback of this contract is that the complexness of specifying the activities of private sector entity. One of the major disadvantage of this contract rises in instance of long-run undertakings i.e. more than 25 old ages because this complicate the command procedure and the contract design which hinder in expecting the events of the undertaking. Besides due to its long term term of office it is deemed politically controversial and hard to form. Another drawback of this contract is that it limit the competition because of limited figure of qualified contractors are available. Green field Contracts This type of understanding is largely used for the development of new undertakings. Such undertakings are frequently demanded by applied scientists. Examples of Greenfield undertakings are new mills, power workss or airdromes which are built from abrasion. Those installations which are modified/ upgraded are called Brownfield undertakings. Build-Operate-Transfer ( BOT ) In this the private party is responsible for planing, building and operation of the assets. In this public party bears the fiscal hazards but it has control on of import stages of the life rhythm of the undertaking. This type of contract bring efficiency in the undertakings and removes the of import care issues from public budget This integrated strategy obliges the private operator to take into history the cost of runing the plus during the design and operation stage and hence stimulates a better planning and direction of the service itself It include the undermentioned types Build-own-operate-transfer ( BOOT ) Build-rent-own-transfer ( BROT ) Build-transfer-operate ( BTO ) Build-lease-operate-transfer ( BLOT ) Potential strengths As we know that BOTs have been largely used to pull private support to the building or redevelopment of substructure. Hence one of the cardinal advantage of BOT understandings is that it reduces commercial hazard for the private spouse because there is frequently merely one client, i.e. public sector ( authorities ) .The following are some of the major advantages of BOT contract Due to the efficiency of private sector the public services can be delivered with lower limit cost As the private sector straight involved in this so it reduces the public debit, equilibrating the beget shortage and cut down the function of public sector. It besides installation the transportation of progress engineering by irrupting international contractors in the host state. Potential failings The followers are some of the major disadvantages of BOT contract The dealing cost in this instance is higher as compared to other contracts Not suited for little undertakings. The success of this undertaking depends upon the successful elevation of financess. BOT undertakings are successful merely when significant grosss are generated during the operation stage. A CASE STUDY This instance survey is one of the best illustration of public private partnership ( service contract ) which is lending to the overall economic development of Pakistan. Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development and Management Company ( FIEDMC ) Faisalabad Industrial Estate Development and Management Company ( FIEDMC ) is a classical illustration of PPP where the public money is being gainfully managed by the private sector to accomplish optimal consequences. Established in late 2004 under Companies Ordinance Act 1984 on the footing of Public Private Partnership, the company is managed by a 21 member Board of Directors-16 from private sector and 5 from public sector. The function of public sector managers is more facilitative than monitoring. The private sector managers provide their services without any wage on voluntary footing. This eliminates the net income gaining facet of the private sector and puts them under heavy moral duties for wise usage of public money. They are of all time witting of the assurance vested in them by the populace sector and other subdivisions of society. The company was assigned the undertaking to develop two industrial estates viz. Value Addition City ( VAC ) and M-3 Industrial City ( M-3 IC ) . The full development cost has been provided as seed money by Government of the Punjab. Value Addition City ( VAC ) VAC is a to the full functional province of the art aesthetically developed industrial estate catering for the demands of SMEs. It is spread over an country of over 200 estates where about all the secret plans have been sold out and industries have started mushrooming in this metropolis. It has provided an unprecedented alleviation to industrialists who were in hunt of a piece of land where all public-service corporations and installations would be available at their door measure. Some of the industrialists have described it as the most beautiful industrial estate of Pakistan. Security has been given top most precedence and effectual stairss have been taken to guarantee the safety of assets of the investors. M-3 Industrial City ( M-3 IC ) This is the largest industrial estate development undertaking in the state. The kineticss of such a big undertaking are wholly different from any other undertaking on a lesser graduated table. It involves advanced maestro be aftering catering for the demands of all concern sectors, both industrialists and service suppliers. It entails the fulfilment of the demands and wants of prospective international purchasers and investors- wants usually transcending their demands but have to be addressed to. The construct of 3rd party logistics ( 3 PL ) would besides be to the full engrained in such a big industrial environment without which optimal consequences can non be obtained. While the civil plants have been designed on internationally recognized criterions, province of the art telecommunication system has been planned to fit the best in the field. An outstanding characteristic of this industrial estate is the proviso of common installations which are otherwise expensive for single indust ries. Two Common Effluent Treatment Plants ( CETPs ) are being provided to guarantee environment friendly disposal of the wastewater. Transport installations will be provided by the direction of M-3 IC to guarantee nice transposing within the industrial metropolis. Labor settlements are being developed on a big graduated table at both terminals of M-3 IC giving healthy environment for the labour. It will make about 3 million occupations both straight and indirectly. A immense sum is being spent on proviso of high quality electricity which will be distributed through 11 grid Stationss. A Failure of PP Project ( Metronet UK ) The London belowground rail system is the universe foremost belowground system which was established in 1863 and up to early 20 century it was operated by six private operators. But due to their substandard services its activities was straight or indirectly classified by the UK governments by 1933. In February 2002 it was decided to convey betterment in the public service bringing by come ining into a PFI contract with the private sector.Under this agreement it was decided that care and reclamation of London belowground substructure would be incorporated through three PPP contracts Under this understanding the Responsibility for Stationss, train operations, signaling and safety remained in the Public sector, being run by London Underground Limited, a new operating company set up for the intent. It besides had duty for finding service forms and puting menus. Under this PPP undertaking there were three private sectors companies which were called infracos viz. Infraco BCV Bakerloo, Central, Victoria, Waterloo A ; City. Infraco JNP Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly. Infraco SSL Circle, District, East London, Hammersmith A ; City, Metropolitan. To better the Services and to guarantee long-run assets direction a 30 twelvemonth contract was signed which is divided into 7.5 twelvemonth section. In this agreement an Arbiter was besides appointed whose function was to decide the differences between the London Under Ground Limited and an infaco sing the payment and other issues. On December 31 2002 Tube Line acquired Infraco JNP and on April 2003 Metronet acquired the other two infracos.The PPP contract give legal ownership of London Underground substructure during the term of the catching In July 2007 the work of modernisation of London Underground Infrastructure was entrusted to Metronet BCV and Metronet SSL.and the fund was provided by the Government under PPP. But Metronet was unable to finish their undertaking in the in agreement clip and estimated cost of command. By March 2005 Metronet had non completed any of the eight Stationss due. Merely 11 out of 35 Stationss were accepted as delivered by March and eventually the London Underground Limited purchased 95 % of Metrone s outstaniding debt duties from its private sector loaners in February 2008 instead than refunding this debt over the 30 old ages of the contract. The Department for Transport ( DfT ) made A ; lb ; 1.7 billion of grant available to assist London Underground do so. Causes of Failure of this Debacle of PPP The followers are some of the chief ground for the fiasco of this PPP contract. Poor Corporate Governance and Leadership construction of Metronet and tied Supply concatenation direction Supplier was failed to give timely information to Metronet direction about the costs against bringing. Ambiguities in the range of the undertaking and hapless plan direction. Besides it was found that it was unable to put to death the the operation in the best possible manner and lake of efficiencies in concern disposal activities. Decisions From the aforementioned treatment on the assorted outstanding types of PPPs theoretical accounts we conclude that It is non ever fruitful to come in to a PPP understanding.So the authorities should non come in into such contract without accurate and comprehensive appraisal of the hazard transferred to the private sector and a house thought that what would represent an appropriate monetary value for taking such degree of hazard. If it does non reassign an appropriate degree of hazard to the private sector so it should non be availed. PPPs can be really helpful for the public service bringing if the implicit in drawbacks are minimized and to minimise the hazard associated with these theoretical accounts we must use each theoretical account harmonizing to the type of job we are work outing. For case if we need for Capital so BOT/BOO/Divestiture can be used. In instance if we need for Expertise and Performance so Management Contract can be the best option. But if we need for Expertise me rely so Service Contract is the best option. Or if we are confronting a composite job which can non be solved with one theoretical account so a combination of these theoretical accounts can be used. Mentions www.ncppp.org/howpart/ppptypes.shtml Article by By Brig.Ahmad Riaz Siddiqi ( Retd ) , X-Chief runing officer FIEDMC ( Dawn Saturday, December 20, 2008 ) PUBLIC Private PARTNERSHIPS Models and Trends in the European Union Writers: Andrea RENDA ( Senior Research Fellow, CEPS ) and Lorna SCHREFLER ( Research Assistant, CEPS ) India time.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cyfuture.com/disadvantages-of-outsourcing.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investorwords.com The failure of Metronet REPORT BY THE COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL | HC 512 Session 2008-2009 5 June 2009 Department Of Management Sciences Ciit Islamabad